hypersonic missiles

India ready to test fire advanced 3000 Km Agni III missile in the next six months – hypersonic missiles getting developed

 
India is on its way to building the untold hypersonic bunker busting missile systems. It is a bunker-busting missile that can fly into near-space, and then come crashing down on a target thousands of miles away, at four times the speed of sound. The concept needs durable, high temperature materials, thermal protection systems, advanced guidance, navigation and control, efficient aerodynamic configurations, and innovative propulsion concepts.
India would test-fire its 3,000 kms longest-range surface to surface missile Agni III by the year end and has started induction of the short and intermediate range Agni I and Agni II versions in the newly raised strategic command, India's top defence scientist Dr M. Natrajan said.
"Development of Agni III missile is on schedule and it would fly by the year end," Natrajan said in a presentation made at the Defence Research and Development Organization [DRDO] Technology day awards function here in the presence of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

His remarks assume significance as DRDO has put off tests of the wholly solid Agni III missiles twice. Former Defence Minister George Fernandes had announced that the missile, which can give India the capability of developing intercontinental range ballistic missile, would be test fired in 2003 year end.
The missile was later scheduled to be tested in mid-2004, but the trials were put off with defence scientists saying some snags had been noticed in propulsion systems and that these were being rectified.
The country's scientific adviser on defence also announced "nine successful test firings have been undertaken of the surface-to-air Akash missile and fourth generation fire and forget Nag anti-tank missiles," he said declaring that Nag was now ready for user trials.
However, DRDO officials did not throw light on the recent claims by country's top missile scientist Dr Prahlada of the organization developing a hypersonic missile development capability.

INDIAN MISSILES

INDIAN MISSILES

1. S-125 Neva/Pechora

The Isayev S-125 Neva/Pechora (Russian: С-125 "Нева"/"Печора", NATO reporting name SA-3 Goa) Soviet surface-to-air missile system was designed to complement the S-25 and S-75. It has a shorter effective range and lower engagement altitude than either of its predecessors and also flies slower, but due to its two-stage design it is more effective against more maneuverable targets.

It is also able to engage lower flying targets than the previous systems, and being more modern it is much more resistant to ECM than the S-75. The 5V24 (V-600) missiles reach around Mach 3 to 3.5 in flight, both stages powered by solid fuel rocket motors.

Status : Operational

2. Akash Missile


Akash (Sanskrit: आकाश Ākāś "Sky") is India's medium range surface-to-air missile defense system developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Bharat Electronics Limited(BEL) as part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. The missile can target aircraft up to 30 km away, at altitudes up to 18,000 m Akash can be fired from both tracked and wheeled platforms. Akash is said to be capable of both conventional and nuclear warheads, with a reported payload of 60 kg.A nuclear warhead could potentially give the missile the capability to destroy both aircraft and warheads from ballistic missiles. The missile battery is described as being able to track and attack several targets simultaneously.

An Akash battery comprises four 3D phased array radars and four launchers with three missiles each, all of which are interlinked. Each radar is able to track 16 targets simultaneously and control a launcher with 3 missiles. Hence it is reported to be able to track 64 targets and simultaneously attack any 12 of those targets at one time.

The Akash system is comparable to the Patriot system, but unlike the Patriot, Akash is fully mobile and capable of protecting a moving convoy of vehicles. Like the Patriot, the Akash is really an air defence SAM which has been tested in a ballistic missile role

Status : Ordered, Induction

3. S-300



The S-300 is a series of Russian long range surface-to-air missile systems produced by NPO Almaz, all based on the initial S-300P version. The S-300 system was developed to defend against aircraft and cruise missiles for the Soviet Air Defence Forces. Subsequent variations were developed to intercept ballistic missiles.

The S-300 system was first deployed by the Soviet Union in 1979, designed for the air defense of large industrial and administrative facilities, military bases, and control of airspace against enemy strike aircraft.

The project-managing developer of the S-300 is Russian Almaz corporation (government owned, aka "KB-1") which is currently a part of "Almaz-Antei" Air Defense Concern. S-300 uses missiles developed by MKB "Fakel" design bureau (a separate government corporation, aka "OKB-2").

The S-300 is regarded as one of the most potent anti-aircraft missile systems currently fielded . Its radars have the ability to simultaneously track up to 100 targets while engaging up to 12. S-300 deployment time is five minutes. The S-300 missiles are sealed rounds and require no maintenance over their lifetime

Status : Operational


4. Trishul



Trishul (Sanskrit त्रिशूल meaning trident) is the name of a short range surface-to-air missile developed by India as a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. It has a range of 9 km and is fitted with a 5.5 kg warhead. Designed to be used against low-level (sea skimming) targets at short range, the system has been developed to defend naval vessels against missiles and also as a short range surface to air missile on land. Guidance consists of three different guiding beams, with the guidance handed over progressively to a narrower beam as the missile approaches the target.

According to reports, the range of the missile is 12 km and is fitted with a 15 kg warhead. The weight of the missile is 130 kg. The length of the missile is 3.1 m

5. SPYDER SAM



The SPYDER (Surface-to-air PYthon and DERby) is an anti-aircraft missile system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems (with use of Czech Tatra chassis) and using surface-to-air versions of the Python 5 and Derby missiles, also made by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems. It is a quick reaction medium range missile system. SPYDER is capable of engaging aircraft, helicopters, unmanned air vehicles, drones and precision-guided munitions. It provides air defence for fixed assets and for point and area defence for mobile forces in combat areas.

Aug 18/09: Indian Army’s QR-SAM. The Times of India reports that India’s Ministry of Defence has finally given the go-ahead for the army’s INR 40 billion (about $820 million) Quick-Reaction SAM program. These mobile missiles would protect Indian maneuver elements like armored columns and troop concentrations, as well as important areas and installations. The Army seeks to equip 3 regiments with this contract, which is over twice the size of the IAF’s 18 squadron purchase.

 Status : Under Purchase


6. PAD and AAD


The Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered Ballistic missile defense system to protect India from missile attacks.

Introduced in light of the ballistic missile threat from Pakistan, it is a two tiered system consisting of two interceptor missiles, namely the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile for high altitude interception, and the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) Missile for lower altitude interception. The two-tiered shield should be able to intercept any incoming missile launched 5,000 kilometers away.

Status : Under Testing, Induction of 2000 Km Missile Defence system by 2012.

7. Barak-8 /MR-SAM Program



India and Israel agreed to jointly develop a new long range, land-based air defense system to replace the aging Pechora (SA-3 GOA) missiles currently in service with the Indian Air Force. Covering a range of 70 km, the new missile will almost double the range of the 60km vertically launched Barak 8 shipborne missile (also known as Barak NG) currently being developed for the Indian and Israeli Navies under a US$480 million five year program launched in early 2006.

The new missile system will be based on the medium-range naval air defense missile currently under development for the Indian and Israeli Navies. The naval application of the missile will be integrated with the MF-STAR phased array shipborne radar, which Elta claims to be superior to the SPY-1 AEGIS radar. Overall, the MF-STAR / Barak 8 combination is claimed to be superior to the leading US made systems such as AEGIS or Patriot PAC-3 missile systems.

Status : Under Development

8. MBDA Maitri SAM



Here's the Maitri short-range surface to air missile (SR-SAM) on display at the MBDA stall. This is the programme that succeeds the defunct Trishul shipborne point-defence missile programme, and is a joint venture between DRDO and MBDA, with developmental feeds from the VL-MICA and Trishul programmes.

Status : Under development

Future Options :

1. India has been offered the deadly S-400 and Patriot SAMs.

2. India is Possibly developing MR SAM with Israel

3. India is also visualizing to develop s Land based SAM , Basd on the Successful Astra BVR Missile.

MiG-35

MiG-35
A MiG-35D
Role	Multirole fighter
National origin	Russia
Manufacturer	Mikoyan
First flight	2007
Status	Experimental
Number built	10 by 2008
Developed from	Mikoyan MiG-29M

The Mikoyan MiG-35  is a further development of the MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-29K/KUB technology. It is classified as a 4++ generation jet fighter by its manufacturer. The first prototype was a modification of the aircraft that previously served as MiG-29M2 model demonstrator. So far 10 prototypes have been built and are currently subject to extensive field trials. The MiG-35 is now classed as a medium-weight aircraft because its maximum take-off weight has increased by 30 percent which exceeds its previous criteria of classification.
MiG Corporation first officially presented the MiG-35 internationally during the Aero India 2007 air show. The MiG-35 was officially unveiled when the Russian Minister of Defence, Sergey Ivanov, visited Lukhovitsky Machine Building Plant "MAPO-MIG". The single seat version is designated MiG-35 and the two-seat version is MiG-35D. The fighter has vastly improved avionics and weapon systems, notably the new AESA radar and the uniquely designed Optical Locator System (OLS), relieves the aircraft from relying on ground-controlled interception (GCI) systems and enables it to conduct independent multi-role missions.

MIG-35D at Aero India 2007

The first demonstrator, a dual-seat aircraft, was built on an existing MiG-29M2 airframe, which previously served as a demonstrator for modifications designated MiG-29MRCA and MiG-29M2.

Unveiling at Aero India

Russia unveiled the MiG-35 at the Aero India 2007 airshow in Bangalore, amid Moscow's keenness to sell these planes to India. It was reported that the MiG-35 made its way from Moscow to Bangalore in less than three hours, assisted by in-flight refueling on the way and flying at supersonic speeds.
The MiG-35 is a contender with the Eurofighter Typhoon, F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, JAS 39 Gripen and F-16 Falcon for the bid of more than 126 multirole combat aircraft to be procured by the Indian Air Force in Indian MRCA competition.

 

Aero India 2007 was the first time that the final version of the MiG-35 fighter was displayed in an international air show. Until then, only the prototype of the MiG-35 had been shown to the public at air shows in Russia and the UK in 2005.
It was again demonstrated at Aero India 2009 held at Yelahanka Airbase near Bangalore where it was flown by an Indian Air Force pilot.

As of April 2010, pictures and additional info surfaced of two new MiG-35 demonstrators, single-seat MiG-35 bort "961", and two-seat MiG-35D "967". According to Russian media, they have first flown at the beginning of Autumn 2009, and subsequently they took part in MMRCA trials in India starting October 2009. Both have a very high commonality with the previous MiG-29K/KUB airframes, with the immediate visible difference being the braking parachute installed in the place of the hook present on the naval aircraft. Subsequently MiG-35D "967" appears to have been equipped with a similar AESA radar as fitted to the older MiG-35 demonstrator bort "154", identifiable by the dark-grey short nose radome.

The MiG-35 is currently in development. Information listed below is preliminary and may change.

MiG-35 is a strong contender in india's future weapon development program. 126 MiG-35 could be ordered by indian government as part of mordenising indian air force  

 

General characteristics

• Crew: one or two
• Length: 19 m (62 ft 4 in)
• Wingspan: 15 m (49 ft 3 in)
• Height: 6 m (19 ft 8 in)
• Empty weight: 11,000 kg (24,250 lb)
• Loaded weight: 17,500 kg (38,600 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 29,700 kg (65,500 lb)
• Powerplant: 2× Klimov RD-33MK afterburning turbofans
  • Dry thrust: 5,400 kgf, 53.0 kN (11,900 lbf) each
  • Thrust with afterburner: 9,000 kgf, 88.3 kN (19,800 lbf) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: Mach 2.5 (2,400 km/h, 1,491 mph) at altitude; 1,450 km/h (901 mph) at low-level
• Range: 2,000 km (1,240 mi)
• Combat radius: 1,000 km (620 mi)
• Ferry range: 3,100 km (1,930 mi) with 3 external fuel tanks
• Service ceiling: 17,500 m (57,400 ft)
• Rate of climb: 330 m/s (65,000 ft/min)
• Thrust/weight: 1.03
• Max Maneuvering Load Factor: 10.0 g

Armament

• Guns: 1× 30 mm GSh-30-1 cannon, 150 rounds
• Hardpoints: 9 total (8× under-wing, 1× centre-line)
• Rockets: S-8, S-13, S-24, S-25L, S-250 unguided and laser-guided rockets
• Missiles:
  
  • Air-to-air:
    • AA-10 Alamo: 4× R-27R, R-27T, R-27ER, R-27ET
    • AA-8 Aphid: 4× R-60M
    • AA-11 Archer: 8× R-73E, R-73M, R-74M
    • AA-12 Adder: 8× R-77
  • Air-to-surface:
    • AS-17 Krypton: 4× Kh-31A, Kh-31P
    • AS-14 Kedge: 4× Kh-29T, Kh-29L
• Bombs:
  
  • Guided:
    • KAB-500L: 500 kg laser-guided bomb
    • KAB-500T: 500 kg TV-guided bomb
  • Unguided:
    • FAB-250: 250 kg bomb
    • FAB-500: 500 kg bomb
    • ZAB-500 fuel-air explosive Bomb

INDIAN FIGHTER PLANE An-32

INDIAN FIGHTER PLANE

An-32

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An-32 taking off

Antonov An-32  Sutlej

Known as the Sutlej in the IAF, the An-32 is the workhorse of the transport fleet traveling to far off bases such as Leh, to deliver much-needed supplies to the Army outposts in the area. An estimated 110 aircraft are in service with the IAF. Deliveries to the IAF began in July 1984.

Number Procured: 110

Units Equipped:

........................No.12 Squadron "Yaks" , Agra

........................No.25 Squadron "Himalayan Eagles" ("B" Flight Only), Chandigarh

........................No.33 Squadron "Caribous" , Sulur

........................No.43 Squadron "Ibex" , Jorhat

........................No.48 Squadron "Camels" , Chandigarh

........................No.49 Squadron "Paraspears" , Jorhat

........................Paratroopers Training School, Agra

........................Transport Training Wing, Yelhanka

  Design and development

The An-32 is basically a re-engined An-26. The launch customer was the Indian Air Force, which ordered this aircraft partly due to good relations between then USSR leader Leonid Brezhnev and then India leader Indira Gandhi. The An-32 is designed to withstand adverse weather conditions better than the standard An-26. The high placement of the engine nacelles above the wing allowed for larger diameter propeller, which are driven by 5100 hp rated AI-20 turboprop engines, almost twice the power of the An-26's AI-24 powerplants. The An-32 therefore enjoys excellent take-off characteristics under tropical and mountainous (high-altitude) conditions, where hot or thin air hampers the powerplants tractive effort. The price for a newly built An-32 was quoted as being 6-9 million dollars in 2000.

 

Specifications (An-32)

General characteristics

• Crew: 3
• Capacity: 42 paratroopers/50 passengers/24 Casualties on stretcher with 3 medical personnel
• Length: 23.78 m (78 ft 0¾ in)
• Wingspan: 29.20 m (95 ft 9½ in)
• Height: 8.75m (28 ft 8½ in)
• Wing area: 75 m² (807 ft²)
• Empty weight: 16,800 kg (37,038 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 27,000 kg (59,400 lb)
• Powerplant: 2× ZMKB Progress AI-20DM turboprop, 3,812 kW (5,112 ehp) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 530 km/h (286 knots, 329 mph)
• Cruise speed: 470 km/h (254 knots, 292 mph) (econ cruise)
• Range: 2,500 km (1,350 nmi, 1,553 mi)
• Service ceiling: 9,500 m (31,165 ft) 
  
  

Major Accidents

• On June 10, 2009, an Indian Air Force, An-32 transport plane carrying 13 people crashed shortly after it took off from Mechukha in Arunachal Pradesh, a state bordering China. All the 13 people on board were reported to have been killed. Soon after the crash, India inked $ 400 million deal for AN-32 fleet upgrade with Ukraine. This upgrade as reported will extend the life of these transport planes by nearly 15 years.

 Surface-to-air

Barak 8

 

The new Barak 8
Type	The new Barak 8, essentially a Barak II Medium range surface-to-air missile
Place of origin	Israel & India
Production history
Manufacturer	Israel Aerospace Industries &Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
Specifications
Weight	98 kg
Length	2175 mm
Diameter	170 mm
Warhead	22 kg blast fragmentation warhead
Detonation mechanism	Proximity fuze
Wingspan	685 mm
Operational range	70 km
Flight altitude	500 m - 5.5 km
Speed	720 m/sec
Guidance system	Radar CLOS guidance
Launch platform	Surface Ship

Barak (the Hebrew word for Lightning) is an Israeli surface-to-air missile (SAM) designed to be used as a point-defense missile system on warships, defending against aircraft, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs.

Overview

Barak 8

In January 2007, after several months of intense negotiations, India and Israel signed a US$330 million deal to co-develop an all new generation of the Barak SAM, which was to be known as the Barak II. It has also been called Barak 8.They have worked out an agreement to develop and produce the long-range Barak air defence system for both the Indian and the Israeli militaries. The initial co-development funding is about US$350 million, of which IAI will finance 50 per cent. The venture is a tripartite one, between the DRDO, the Indian Navy, and IAI. The missile is referred to as the LRSAM in Indian Government literature, and will have a range of 70 km (43 mi).
The new missile, which will be based on the original Barak, is expected to feature a more advanced seeker, alongside range extensions (up to 70 km) that will move it closer to medium range naval systems like the RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow or even the SM-2 Standard. The joint development offer was first made by Israel during Indian Navy Chief Admiral Arun Prakash's visit to Tel Aviv in 2004. Israel successfully tested its improved Barak II missile on July 30, 2009.The radar system provides 360 degree coverage and the missiles can take down an incoming missile as close as 500 meters away from the ship. Each Barak system (missile container, radar, computers and installation) costs about $24 million. In November 2009 Israel signed a $1.1 billion contract to supply an upgraded tactical Barak-8 air defence system to India. The dual pulse rocket motor for the SAM was developed by DRDO, and the prototypes were supplied to IAI for integration with IAI systems to develop the complete missile.The other variant of the LRSAM will be fielded by the Indian Air Force.Along with the Akash SAM, the LRSAM fills a longer range requirement and both types will complement each other.Each unit of the MR-SAM, would consist of a command and control center, with an acquisition radar, a guidance radar, and 3 launchers with eight missiles each.A 4-year, US$300 million System Design & Development phase to develop unique system elements and an initial tranche of the land-based missiles is estimated. The radars, C2 centers, TEL's and missiles will be codeveloped by Israel and India. In turn, IAI and its Israeli partners have agreed to transfer all relevant technologies and manufacturing capabilities to India allowing India to manufacture the LRSAM systems locally as well as support them.
In May 2010, the Barak-II missile was successfully test fired at an electronic target and met with its initial objectives. The second test of the missile is to be held in India later this year."More than 70 per cent of the content in the missile being developed with Israel would be indigenous." DRDO chief V K Saraswat told The Economic Times.

Launcher & C3I

The launcher of Barak SAM system utilizes a compact vertical launching system, with a 8-cell module weighing 1,700 kg. Fire control is provided by an equally compact C3I system that weighs 1,300 kg, which can either operate independently or in conjunction with other onboard sensors.

surface-to-air missile, Trishul

Surface-To-Air Missile

Trishul Missile

Trishul (Sanskrit त्रिशूल meaning trident) is the name of a short range surface-to-air missile developed by India as a part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program.

Trishul
Type	Surface-to-air missile
Place of origin	India
Production history
Designer	DRDO
Manufacturer	Bharat Electronics Limited, Bharat Dynamics Limited
Produced	2008
Number built	Program shelved but it would continue to be technology demonstrator & would be restored later
Specifications
Weight	130 kg
Length	3.1 m
Diameter	35 cm
Warhead	Digital proximity fuse is coupled with a 5.5-15 kg warhead
Warhead weight	5.5-15 kg
Detonation mechanism	RF Proximity
Propellant	Integrated Ramjet Rocket Engine.
Operational range	9-12 km
Flight altitude	low level sea skimming
Speed	Mach 2.5

It has a range of 9 km and is fitted with a 5.5 kg warhead. Designed to be used against low-level (sea skimming) targets at short range, the system has been developed to defend naval vessels against missiles and also as a short range surface to air missile on land. Guidance consists of three different guiding beams, with the guidance handed over progressively to a narrower beam as the missile approaches the target.
According to reports, the range of the missile is 12 km and is fitted with a 15 kg warhead. The weight of the missile is 130 kg. The length of the missile is 3.1 m.

Development costs of the missile touched almost $70 million to the taxpayers.India had Officially shut down Trishul Missile project on February 27, 2008. The programme of surface-to-air Trishul missile, one of the five missiles being developed by Defense Research and Development Organization, is being shelved. Defence Minister George Fernandes indicated in Rajya Sabha when he said Trishul missile had been delinked from user service, though it would be continued as a technology demonstrator.

intercontinental ballistic missile , agni 5

Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

Agni-V

Agni-V is an intercontinental ballistic missile in development by India.

Agni-V
Type	Intercontinental ballistic missile
Place of origin	India
Service history
In service	Under development (Design completed)
Used by	Indian Army
Production history
Manufacturer	Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
Unit cost	250-350 million (INR) or $ 5.6-7.9 million (USD)
Specifications
Engine	Three stage
Operational range	5000-6000 km
Launch platform	8 x 8 Tatra TELAR (Transporter erector launcher) & Rail Mobile Launcher (canisterized missile package)

Introduction

According to one of the India's senior defence scientists, Dr M Natrajan, DRDO is working on an upgraded version of the Agni III known as the Agni-V (Earlier known as Agni-III* (Agni-III star) and Agni-IV). The missile will have a range of about 5000–6000 km. In September 2010, DRDO Chief V.K. Saraswat confirmed that the first test flight will be conducted in 2011.

Description

Agni missile range.

The Agni-V is a three stage solid fueled missile with composite motor casing in the third stage.Two stages of this missile will be made of composite material. Agni-V will be able to carry multiple warheads and will have countermeasures against Anti-ballistic missile systems.
The missile will utilize a canister and will be launched from it. Sixty percent of the missile will be similar to the Agni-III missile. Advanced technologies like ring laser gyroscope and accelerometer will be used in the new missile.
In many other respects, the Agni-5, which is scheduled to make its first flight in early-2011, carries forward the Agni-3 pedigree. With composites used extensively to reduce weight, and a third stage added on (the Agni-3 was a two-stage missile), the Agni-5 can fly 1,500 km further than the 3,500-km Agni-3.
"The Agni-5 is specially tailored for road-mobility," explains Avinash Chander, Director, ASL. "With the canister having been successfully developed, all India's future land-based strategic missiles will be canisterised as well".
Made of maraging steel, a canister must provide a hermitically sealed atmosphere that preserves the missile for years. During firing, the canister must absorb enormous stresses when a thrust of 300 to 400 tonnes is generated to eject the 50-tonne missile.
"You can reduce the payload and (further) increase the range of Agni-V" Saraswat told the Reuters in Feb 2010.
Another major technological breakthrough that will beef up the Agni-5 is ASL's success in developing and testing MIRVs (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles). A MIRV, atop an Agni-5 missile, comprises three to 10 separate nuclear warheads. Each warhead can be assigned to a separate target, separated by hundreds of kilometres; alternatively, two or more warheads can be assigned to one target.

Testing

Defence Minister A.K Antony said the missile is ready for testing. As per DRDO almost 90% of the works are fininshed and is in final tuning and check phase.

anti-tank missile , Nag

 Anti-Tank Missile

 

Nag

Nag (Sanskrit: नाग, Nāg "Snake") is a third generation "Fire-and-forget" anti-tank missile developed in India. It is one of five missile systems developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP). Nag has been developed at a cost of 300 crore.

 

Nag
Nag missile with the NAMICA in the background. Picture taken during DEFEXPO-2008.
Type	Anti-tank guided missile
Place of origin	India
Service history
In service	2009
Production history
Manufacturer	Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
Specifications
Weight	42 kg (93 lb)
Length	1.90 m (6'3")
Diameter	190 mm (7.5 in)
Warhead	8 kg (17.6 lb) tandem warhead
Engine	Tandem solid Propulsion (Nitramine based smokeless extruded double band sustainer propellant)
Wingspan	400 mm
Operational range	Land version: 500m to 4km (Air launched: 7km)
Speed	230 m/s
Guidance system	Active Imaging infra-red (IIR) seeker,millimetric wave (mmW) seeker (under development)
Launch platform	Nag Missile Carrier (NAMICA)HAL Dhruv HelicopterHAL Light Combat Helicopter

 

Technical Characteristics

As originally conceived, the Nag would have been available with three different types of guidance, These included a wire guided version, an infra-red version and a millimetric wave (mmW) version. The cumbersome nature of a wire guidance system had led to plans for this being dropped. Currently, guidance is based on an imaging infra-red (IIR) passive seeker that ensures a high-hit accuracy in both top- and front-attack modes.
The mmW seeker, on the other hand, is intended to operate as an optional system that can replace the IIR passive seeker as a module. Also incorporated into the guidance system, is a CCD camera. The advantage of this optical seeker is that it is less prone to jamming. The missile has a weight of 42 kg and can engage targets at ranges 4–5 km. The Nag is claimed to be first anti-tank missile which has a complete fiberglass structure.
Another advantage of the missile is property of the propellant. Most missiles leave a plume as the missile heads toward the target. This makes it easier for the target to hide behind cover. In the Nag, however, the plume is visible only during the first one second of flight, as the missile's booster imparts 90% of the velocity, following which, a sustainer maintains the missile's speed, burning a smokeless propellant that is almost invisible.
The Nag has a flight speed of 230 metres per second, is armed with a 8 kg tandem shaped-charge warhead, has a rocket motor using nitramine-based smokeless extruded double band sustainer propellant, has a single-shot hit probability of 0.77 and a CEP of 0.9 metres, and has a 10-year maintenance-free shelf-life.Recently,it was tested from Shamirpet in hyderabad on june 13,2010.
The Nag will be produced in two main basic variants. The land version has been tested from a tracked vehicle known as NAMICA (Nag Missile Carrier). With the IR version of the missile, targets are acquired using a thermal sight, and are then assigned to the nose-mounted IIR seeker.
Missile guidance is initially by area correlation around the target, then by centroid tracking. Terminal homing is by area correlation around the centroid.
Nag will be configured to be used on the Advanced Light Helicopter(ALH) and the HAL Light Combat Helicopter(LCH). This version will be known as HELINA (HELIcopter NAg). Eight missiles are carried in two quadruple launchers. Launchers mounted on either side are linked to a nose-mounted stabilized thermal sight and a laser range-finder package.
The NAMICA version of the missile is a 'lock-on before launch' system. This is where the target is identified and designated before the missile is launched. As the targeting system is based on visual identification, the range is limited. The HELINA version on the other hand will use a 'lock-on after launch' system extending its range to 7 km. In this scenario, the missile is launched in the general direction of the target. As it approaches the target, images of the area ahead are sent back to the operator who will be able to identify enemy tanks. The command to lock on to a tank is then passed onto the seeker through an uplink mid-flight. After that, the missile homes in onto the target and destroys it.

Advanced Variants

In addition to basic land and helicopter variants the DRDO is now developing number of advanced variants of the Nag missile:

• Helina, (HELIcopter launched NAg)with a range of 7–8 km, launched from twin-tube stub wing-mounted launchers on board the armed HAL Dhruv and HAL Light Combat Helicopter produced by state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL). It will be structurally different from the Nag. The Helina will make use of an IIR seeker for target engagement like the Nag. Launchers have been cleared for captive carriage trials and handed over to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for carriage trials. The Helina is expected to be tested by the end of 2010.
• land version, will also have its range extended by development of a mast-mounted missile launcher that will be hydraulically raised out to a height of five metres to enable the Nag missile to acquire its targets out to a distance of 7–8 km.
• Air-launched, 10 km-range variant launched from tactical interdiction aircraft like the upgraded Jaguar IS. It will use a nose-mounted millimetric-wave active radar seeker.
• Man portable, DRDL will also start working on the,`Man Portable' Nag very soon. It would weigh less than 14 kg.

Submarine-Launched, Ballistic Missile, Sagarika

Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile

Sagarika
Sagarika (Sanskrit: सागरिका, Sāgarikā "Oceanic") is a nuclear-capable submarine-launched ballistic missile with a range of 700 kilometres (435 mi).

K-15/Sagarika
Type	Submarine launched Short-range ballistic missile
Place of origin	India
Service history
In service	2010
Production history
Manufacturer	DRDO
Specifications
Weight	17 t (19 short tons)
Length	10 m (33 ft)
Diameter	0.74 m (2.4 ft)
Warhead	1,000 kg (2,200 lb)
Engine	Two stage, solid fueled rocket motors
Operational range	700 km @ 1,000 kg and 1,900 km @ 180 kg
Launch platform	Arihant class submarines

 

Overview

Sagarika has a length of 10 metres (33 ft), diameter of 0.74 metres (2 ft 5 in), weighs 17 tonnes (17 LT; 19 ST) and can carry a payload of up to 500 kilograms (1,102 lb). Sagarika was developed at the DRDO’s missile complex in Hyderabad.
This missile will form part of the triad in India's nuclear deterrence, and will provide retaliatory nuclear strike capability

Development

The development of this missile (under the title Project K-15) started in 1991. The Indian government first confirmed Sagarika's development seven years later (1998), when the then Defence Minister, George Fernandes, announced it during a press conference.
The development of the underwater missile launcher, known as Project 420 (P420), was completed in 2001 and handed over to the Indian Navy for trials. The missile launcher is developed at Hazira in Gujarat.
The scientists who developed the missile were felicitated by the Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh.

Testing

The missile was successfully test fired six times, and tested to its full range up to three times. The tests of February 26, 2008 was conducted from a submerged pontoon off the coast of Vishakhapatnam.
A land-based version of the K-15 Sagarika was successfully test-fired on November 12, 2008.

Induction

The Indian Navy plans to introduce the missile into service by the end of 2010. Sagarika missile is being integrated with India's nuclear-powered Arihant class submarine that began sea trials on the 26th of July 2009.

India also successfully developed a land variant of Sagarika, known as Shaurya which can be stored in underground silos for longer time and can be launched using gas canisters as booster.

Ballistic-Missile Defence (BMD), S-300PMU-2

Ballistic-Missile Defence (BMD)

S-300PMU-2

India has bought six S-300 batteries in August 1995 for $1 billion, probably the S-300PMU-2 version, believed to consist of 48 missiles per system. These will most likely be used in the short-range ballistic-missile defence (BMD) role against Pakistan's M-11 missiles.

 

S-300PMU-2NATO reporting name: SA-10 Grumble, SA-12 Giant/Gladiator, SA-20 Gargoyle
S-300 anti-aircraft missile system at the Victory Parade, Red Square, 9 May 2009.
Type	long-range strategic SAM system
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1978-present
Production history
Designer	Almaz-Antey: NPO Almaz (lead designer) NIIP (radars) MKB Fakel (missile designer) MNIIRE Altair (naval version designer)
Designed	1997
Manufacturer	MZiK  Samsung Group
Produced	1997-present

The S-300 is a series of Russian long range surface-to-air missile systems produced by NPO Almaz, all based on the initial S-300P version. The S-300 system was developed to defend against aircraft and cruise missiles for the Soviet Air Defence Forces. Subsequent variations were developed to intercept ballistic missiles. The S-300 was jointly produced by Almaz with Samsung Group of South Korea since 1993.
The S-300 system was first deployed by the Soviet Union in 1979, designed for the air defense of large industrial and administrative facilities, military bases, and control of airspace against enemy strike aircraft.
The project-managing developer of the S-300 is Russian Almaz corporation (government owned, aka "KB-1") which is currently a part of "Almaz-Antei" Air Defense Concern. S-300 uses missiles developed by MKB "Fakel" design bureau (a separate government corporation, aka "OKB-2").
The S-300 is regarded as one of the most potent anti-aircraft missile systems currently fielded . Its radars have the ability to simultaneously track up to 100 targets while engaging up to 12. S-300 deployment time is five minutes. The S-300 missiles are sealed rounds and require no maintenance over their lifetime. An evolved version of the S-300 system is the S-400 (NATO reporting name SA-21), entering service in 2004.
S-300PMU-1/2 (SA-20)

S-300PMU-2 64N6E2 acquisition radar (part of 83M6E2 command post)

The S-300PMU-1 (Russian С-300ПМУ-1,US DoD designation SA-20A, NATO reporting name SA-20 GARGOYLE) was also introduced in 1992 with the new and larger 48N6 missiles for the first time in a land-based system and introduced all the same performance improvements from the S300FM version including the increased speed, range, TVM guidance and ABM capability. The warhead is slightly smaller than the naval version at 143 kg (315 lb). This version also saw the introduction of the new and more capable 30N6E TOMB STONE radar.
The S-300PMU-1 was introduced in 1999 and for the first time introduces several different kinds of missiles in a single system. In addition to the 5V55R, 48N6E and 48N6E2 missiles the S-300PMU-1 can utilise two new missiles, the 9M96E1 and 9M96E2. Both are significantly smaller than the previous missiles at 330 and 420 kg (728 and 926 lb respectively) and carry smaller 24 kg (53 lb) warhead. The 9M96E1 has an engagement range of 1–40 km (1-25 mi) and the 9M96E2 of 1–120 km (1-75 mi). They are still carried 4 per TEL. Rather than just relying on aerodynamic fins for manoeuvring, they use a gas-dynamic system which allows them to have an excellent probability of kill (P_k) despite the much smaller warhead. The P_k is estimated at 0.7 against a tactical ballistic missile for either missile. The S-300PMU-1 typically uses the 83M6E command and control system, although it is also compatible with the older Baikal-1E and Senezh-M1E CCS command and control systems. The 83M6E system incorporates the 64N6E (BIG BIRD) surveillance/detection radar. The fire control/illumination and guidance radar used is the 30N6E(1), optionally matched with a 76N6 low altitude detection radar and a 96L6E all altitude detection radar. The 83M6E command and control system can control up to 12 TELs, both the self propelled 5P85SE vehicle and the 5P85TE towed launchers. Generally support vehicles are also included, such as the 40V6M tow vehicle, intended for lifting of the antenna post.

S-300PMU-2 vehicles. From left to right: 64N6E2 detection radar, 54K6E2 command post and 5P85 TEL.

The S-300PMU-2 Favorite (Russian С-300ПМУ-2 Фаворит – Favourite, DoD designation SA-20B), introduced in 1997, is an upgrade to the S-300PMU-1 with range extended once again to 195 km (121 mi) with the introduction of the 48N6E2 missile. This system is apparently capable against not just short range ballistic missiles, but now also medium range tactical ballistic missiles. It uses the 83M6E2 command and control system, consisting of the 54K6E2 command post vehicle and the 64N6E2 surveillance/detection radar. It employs the 30N6E2 fire control/illumination and guidance radar. Like the S-300PMU-1, 12 TELs can be controlled, with any mix of 5P85SE2 self propelled and 5P85TE2 trailer launchers. Optionally it can make use of the 96L6E all altitude detection radar and 76N6 low altitude detection radar, just like the S-300PMU-1.